Information
What is known, by whom, and how it reaches participants. The path information travels is often more tradable than the information itself.
Belief
How participants convert incomplete information into subjective probabilities, and where that conversion is systematically imperfect.
Liquidity
Whether a belief can be expressed at size without moving the price. A correct view in a thin market is not the same as an edge.
Incentive
What participants are actually optimising for, which is frequently not what a naive model assumes they are.
Constraint
The capital, mandate, and risk limits that bound what any participant can do, regardless of what they believe.
Price
The equilibrium where every layer above resolves. We read it as a probability statement, net of fees and structure, and ask where it is wrong.
